Geological exploration drilling rigs can be divided into various types according to different classification standards. The following are some common classification methods and corresponding types of drilling rigs:

1. Classification by drilling method

Impact drilling rig:

Relying on the gravity and impact force of the drill tool, the drill bit hits the bottom of the hole and breaks the rock.

Suitable for hard rock drilling, but the drilling efficiency is low and the hole wall is prone to collapse.

Slewing drilling rig:

Cut the rock through the slewing motion of the drill tool.

It can be further divided into vertical shaft type, turntable type and power head type.

Vertical shaft drilling rig: simple structure and easy to operate, suitable for shallow hole drilling.

Rotary drilling rig: high torque, suitable for medium and deep hole drilling.

Powered head drilling rig: can achieve stepless speed regulation, suitable for drilling in various complex formations.

Composite drilling rig:

Combines two drilling methods: impact and slewing.

Improve drilling efficiency and adapt to drilling requirements of different formations.

2. Classification by purpose

Core drilling rig:

It is mainly used for core drilling to obtain core samples of underground rocks.

It can be divided into pipeless spiral and piped core drilling rigs, suitable for rock layers of different thicknesses.

Hydrological well drilling rig:

Used to drill into hydrological wells to obtain groundwater or conduct geological exploration.

Engineering drilling rig:

Used in engineering geological survey, foundation engineering construction and other fields.

Oil drilling rig:

Used for oil and gas exploration and development.

Usually, the diameter is greater than 150mm, and the construction capacity can reach 10,000 meters or even deeper.

3. Classification by power source

Hydraulic drilling rig:

The drill tool is driven by hydraulic power and rotates and advances through a hydraulic motor.

Mechanical drilling rig:

Powered by mechanical transmission, the drill tool rotates and advances through diesel engines, electric motors, etc.

Electric drilling rig:

Powered by the motor, the drilling tool is rotated and promoted through the electronic control system.

4. Other classification methods

Classified by its own mobility:

Crawler type: The main drilling equipment is installed on the crawler platform and is suitable for various land terrain with slopes less than 30°.

Car-mounted: Installed on the vehicle for quick movement and transfer.

Trailer type: Move through a trailer, suitable for occasions where frequent changes of work locations are required.

Assembly: Suitable for various terrain, especially when decomposition and assembly are required for transportation and installation.

Classified by structure:

Vertical shaft type, power head type, turntable type, etc. overlap with some types classified by drilling method, but have different classification angles.

To sum up, there are many types of geological exploration drilling rigs. When choosing, you need to consider comprehensively based on specific stratigraphic characteristics, exploration purpose, operating environment and equipment performance.